Canola (Brassica napus) could be adopted as an alternative crop to winter wheat in Alabama with benefits such as breaking of disease, insect cycles, and possibly higher returns. North Alabama, with its relatively longer winter and well distributed rainfall, favors the production of winter canola. Since the information on cost to benefit ratios of these two crops is limited, a field experiment was conducted to determine the comparative yield and cost of production. Two cultivars each of canola (“Flint” and “Jetton”) and wheat (“Jackson” and “Roberts”) were planted in plots 11'x 60' in September 2004 using randomized complete block design. The cv. Jetton with greater biomass (1434 g/m²) and more filled pods (31%) produced 3.0 t/ha and out yielded cv. Flint (2.1 t/ha) by 40%. Flint had more seeds per pod (14.2) than Jetton (10.1 seeds/pod) but due to fewer pods and lighter seeds, it produced a lower seed yield. Among wheat cultivars, Roberts produced more productive tillers and higher grain yield (3.0 t/ha) than Jackson (2.7 t/ha), although both had similar biomass and seed test weight. In this study, canola with an average yield of 2.6 t/ha fetches $ 613/ha (@ $23.58 per 100kg) whereas wheat with an average yield of 2.9 t/ha fetches $330.02 ha (@ ($11.38 per 100 kg). Thus, canola with seed yield similar to that of wheat but with higher cash value/unit could fetch nearly double the returns and profits than winter wheat.