In the world of integrated livestock production, cropland suitable for applying animal manure is often limited. Numerous technologies and systems have been tried to mitigate negative environmental effects from manure, particularly swine manure. One goal of treatment systems is to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the waste stream. But where do the nutrients really go? Are they removed from the farm, re-distributed, or simply land applied in altered form? Variability occurs in the nature of the manure as excreted, the degree to which nutrients are captured in solid or liquid fractions, the temperature and timeframe for manure storage, and other factors. For example, submitting swine manure to mechanical and biological treatments other than land application usually requires solids separation. The separated solids may contain from 12% to 90% of the phosphorus in the manure. Wide ranges may also occur for nitrogen, depending on pre-treatment. Selecting an alternative treatment system requires an understanding of the manure stream from the animal itself through to the eventual utilization of end products. The specific focus in this presentation is on manure collected from swine housed in slatted-floor facilities, and subjected to one of the following treatment regimes: accelerated solids composting, aerobic and anaerobic effluent digestion, solids gasification or pyrolysis, and biological consumption. The nutrient removal efficiency of these systems is summarized through a review of recent professional publications, and through current FPPC (Farm Pilot Project Coordination) findings for farm-scale demonstration projects.