Chin Tan, Tiequan Zhang, Dan Reynolds, and Craig Drury. Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Greenhouse & Processing Crops Research Centre, Highway 20, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada
Processing tomato was grown on two large commercial-scale fields: one on light soil and the other on heavy soil. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of surface and subsurface drip irrigation and fertigation on yield, quality, and water use efficiency of processing tomato. The treatments included: i) non-irrigated plots with broadcast fertilizer; ii) surface drip irrigated plots with broadcast fertilizer; iii) surface drip irrigated plots with fertigation; iv) sub-surface drip irrigated plots with broadcast fertilizer; and v) sub-surface drip irrigated plots with fertigation. On the light soil, average marketable tomato yields over a 3-year period were increased by 36 % and 45 % under the surface drip or fertigated (SDI) and sub-surface drip or fertigated (SSDI) treatments relative to the non-irrigated(NI)treatments. Average marketable tomato yields under SSDI were increased only by 6.5 % relative to SDI. There was no significant difference in average marketable tomato yields between broadcast fertilizer and fertigation for both SSDI and SDI treatments. On the heavy soil, average marketable tomato yields over a 3-year period were increased by 31 % under SDI relative to NI treatments, while tomato yields under SSDI were increased by 19.5 % relative to NI treatments. Average marketable tomato yields under SDI were increased by 9 % relative to SSDI. The soluble solids of tomato were higher in the non-irrigated than drip irrigated and/or fertigated plots under both soil conditions. However, the reduction on soluble solids due to irrigation was much larger for the light soil than for the heavy soil. There were no significant differences on soluble tomato solids among SDI broadcasting, SDI fertigation, SSDI broadcasting, and SSDI fertigation. Drip irrigated and/or fertigated tomatoes increased water use efficiency by 25 % and 17 % relative to non-irrigated tomatoes for the light and the heavy soils, respectively.