Rayappan Kumaresan, Tamilnadu Agrl. University, Coimbatore, India, Dr.A.Nassir A.Nassir, Asia Co-ordinator,, 3, Rue Abdelkador Alamazini, Bofte Postale 15963, 3, Rue Abdelkador Alamazini, Bofte Postale 15963,, Casablanca, Morocco, Morocco, and Dr.G.DEV DR.G.dev, Imphos India consultant, Ludhiana,PUNJAB, India.
Field demonstrations were carried out in Inceptisol, Alfisol and Vertisol soils of Tamil Nadu, India in the farmer's field to find out the efficient method of phosphorus in a balanced fertilization programme on groundnut, cowpea and black gram crops. There is a concern over the farmers of this tract were applying inadequate, imbalanced, non-integrated fertilizers. The N : P use ratio of this tract was 2.6:1.0 during 1999-2000 has been increased to 3.0-1.0 during 2002-2003 indicated the imbalanced P fertilization there by 20-40% yield reduction in groundnut, cowpea and black gram crops. The soils were fine loamy calcareous to coarse loamy non-calcareous with low and medium available P status. The treatment for groundnut crop ( VRI-5 ) were farmers method ( NPK 17:17:17 kg ha-1 complex) , No phosphorus (NK 17:54 kgha-1 ), blanket (NK 17:54 kgha-1+ P as single super phosphate(SSP) 34 kgha-1 ) and Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply System – IPNS (NK 30:120 kgha-1 + P 60 kgha-1 as SSP + Phosphobacteria 2 kgha-1). The treatment for cowpea ( CO 2 ) and black gram ( TMV-1 ) were farmers method (25 kgha-1 N alone), blanket (25 kgha-1 N + 50 kgha-1P as SSP and IMPHOS Method (25 kgha-1 N + P 62.5 kgha-1 as SSP). The highest pod yield of 1900 kgha-1 was recorded for IPNS method over farmers method. The pod yield increase was 45% with a net profit of 16500 INR to the farmer. The highest pod yield of cowpea 1450 kgha-1 and 1320 kgha-1 pod yield of black gram with a net profit of 16100 INR and 12400 INR respectively for the application of 62.5 kgha-1 P as SSP. The IPNS method in groundnut was significantly profitable to the farmers. The IMPHOS method in cowpea and black gram increasing the net profit to farmers.