Wednesday, November 7, 2007
271-6

Overseeding with Cool-Season Annual Forages Reduces Early Spring Bermudagrass Regrowth.

John Randall Bow, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 1229 North U.S. Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401 and James P. Muir, Texas Agricultral Experiment Station, 1229 North U.S. Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401.

Dairies in north-central Texas containing high-phosphorus soils resulting from the application of waste water and manure can recycle nutrients by over-seeding Coastal and Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) fields with cool-season annual forages. Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), barley(Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), triticale (Triticum secale L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.), arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), turnips and rape (Brassica spp.) were evaluated for winter forage yields and spring bermudagrass yields. Species were no-tilled into 1.5 X 5 m plots in early fall of 2004 and 2005. Cool-season grass and brassica plots received 56 kg ha-1 nitrogen in mid winter. Species were individually harvested in the spring when the cool-season grasses were in boot stage and the forbs flowered. The bermudagrasses were harvested with the first cutting (if present) and again when the bermudagrass regrew. Rainfall totals from October through May were 589 mm in year 1 (2004-2005) and 359 mm in year 2 (2005-2006). Dry matter yields for the cool-season forages over-seeded in Tifton 85 were affected by year x species interaction (P < 0.0001) and in Coastal differed by species in year 1 only. Tifton 85 production was reduced by over-seeding in both years (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.005, respectively) as was Coastal in year 1 (P = 0.0023). Overall, cool-season forages can recycled an additional 0 to 9 kg ha-1 of phosphorus per year. Growing seasons that have sufficient rainfall to grow cool-season annual forages result in a loss of Tifton 85 or Coastal (20-70%) in the first cutting.