Wednesday, November 7, 2007
292-22

Interaction of Fecal Coliforms with Soil Aggregates.

Andrey Guber, Yakov Pachepsky, Daniel Shelton, and Olivia Yu. Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS-BA-ANRI, Bldg. 173, BARC-EAST, Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705

Land-applied manures may contain various contaminants that cause water pollution and concomitant health problems. Some of these pollutants are bacteria, and fecal coliforms (FC) have been widely used as an indicator of bacterial contamination. Experiments on bacteria attachment to soil are traditionally carried out with sieved soil or with soil primary particles. Although importance of soil structure for pollutant transport through the soil has been widely recognized, limited information exists regarding bacteria interaction with soil aggregates. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that FC interaction with soil aggregates is affected by aggregate size, aggregate water content, and presence of suspended colloids and dissolved organic compounds originating from manure. Aggregate fractions of 3.4-4.8 mm, 4.8-7.9 mm and 7.9-9.5 mm diameters were obtained by dry sieving Tyler loam soil. Air-dry and water-saturated aggregates were submerged in water-FC and water-manure-FC suspensions at four FC concentrations for 24 h. Amount of FC associated with soil was calculated from the difference between the amount applied and the amount remaining in the suspension. Significant differences in FC interaction with air-dry and saturated aggregates were found. The maximum FC interaction was observed for air-dry aggregates in the water-FC suspension; no measurable FC amount was associated with the saturated aggregates in the same suspension. In water-manure-FC suspensions, about 2.5 times more FC was associated with the air-dry soil aggregates than with the water-saturated aggregates. Presence of manure significantly decreased the amount of FC associated with all aggregate fractions regardless of the aggregate size. FC amount associated with the air-dry aggregates was about 300 times less in the water-manure-FC suspension than in water-FC suspension. Decrease in bacteria-soil interaction as a result of soil saturation and presence of suspended or dissolved manure components can enhance bacterial mobility and affect risk of ground water contamination.