Orchard floor management (OFM) is relying more heavily on organic amendments to increase SOM, which enhances multiple soil functions critical to orchard health. Measurement of soil enzyme activities have been used as early indicators of soil health and quality. We are evaluating five enzymes (beta glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), arylsulfatase (AS), and acid (AcP) and alkaline (AlP) phosphatases) in ten orchards (two research farms and eight commercial farms) with different OFM strategies, soil types, and climates. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths from all farms in October 2006 and three times (June and October 2006 and May 2007) from the research farms. In addition to the five enzyme potentials involved in C, N, P, and S cycling, particulate organic matter, N mineralization potential (Nmin), and soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations were measured. In general, enzyme activities were higher in organically managed systems that added organic amendments relative to orchards that relied more on rapid-release fertilizers. POM was significantly correlated with NAG, AS, and AcP at both depths. In the two research farms, enzyme response to OFM treatments varied depending upon enzyme, sample date and depth investigated. In general, enzyme activities were not significantly different between bark mulch and landscape cloth treatments. At the farm comparing straw mulch with cloth, AS and AcP were greater under mulch for 0-15cm samples. In contrast, NAG, AcP were greater under cloth at 15-30cm depth for most dates. In all orchards, AS and AcP activities were positively correlated with Nmin and the sum of nitrate-N and ammonium-N indicating that these assays hold potential as a soil fertility index in cherry orchards.