Gregory Evanylo1, Erik Ervin1, Karen Harr2, Beshr Sukkariyah1, and James Goatley3. (1) Virginia Tech, 426 Smyth Hall CSES (0403), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0403, (2) Hampton Roads Sanitation District, P.O. Box 5911, Virginia Beach, VA 23471-0911, (3) Mississippi State University, Virginia Tech, 424 Smyth Hall CSES Dept., Blacksburg, VA 24061
The use of reclaimed water for irrigation has long been an accepted practice in regions with low rainfall (e.g., California, Arizona, Texas) or limited and sensitive potable water supplies (e.g., Florida); however, water reuse is a relatively new practice in Virginia. We implemented a program to demonstrate the agronomic and environmentally sound use of reclaimed water for irrigation, provide technical agronomic and environmental information to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) for the purpose of developing regulations that promote water reuse, and educate potential generators and users of reclaimed water. Recycled water from a wastewater treatment facility that employs biological nutrient removal was compared with potable water as an irrigation source for two turfgrass species commonly grown in southeastern Virginia, creeping bentgrass and common bermudagrass. Turfgrass growth and quality was assessed by quality ratings, root growth, tiller density, clipping weight measurements, and tissue nutrient analysis. All plots were instrumented with lysimeters, which were sampled every regularly to determine leachate quality, including N and P. Irrigation with reclaimed water produced excellent turfgrass growth and quality, and groundwater quality as assessed by lysimeter leachate nitrogen and phosphorus loadings was not reduced with the use of reclaimed water. We shared the results of this research at a field day for generators, potential users, educators, and regulators and at meetings of the Virginia DEQ Technical Advisory Committee for the development of water reuse regulations for Virginia. Our data were used to assist with the development of the regulations. We are writing an Extension bulletin on water reuse that will be disseminated for use by generators, users, and educators.