Wednesday, November 7, 2007 - 11:45 AM
283-9

Facilitated Transport of High Explosives in Mineral Soils.

Katerina Dontsova1, Jirka Simunek2, Judith Pennington3, and Cynthia Price3. (1) SpecPro, Inc., US Army Research & Development Ctr., CEERD-EP-P; 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, (2) Bourns Hall A135, University of California-Riverside, University of California-Riverside, Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, (3) ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180

Residues from the high explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), have been reported in groundwater associated with manufacturing sites and military training ranges. Mobility and high sorption capacity of colloidal material makes adsorption and movement with lyophilic and lyophobic colloids a possible route for explosives transport through the soils and in ground water. The objectives of this study were to define the significance of facilitated transport in mineral soils and to identify soil components that facilitate transport of explosives. Saturated flow experiments (interrupted and uninterrupted) were conducted for 14C-TNT and 14C-RDX in two soils under low (deionized water) and high (0.01 M CaCl2 solution) electrolyte conditions. Test soils were Catlin silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, superactive Oxyaquic Argiudolls) and Benndale fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults). Outflow from soils was analyzed for explosives without filtering, after filtering through 0.45 µm filter, and after addition of alum (KAl(SO4)2) and filtering. Outflow samples were also analyzed for amount of colloidal material, organic carbon and iron content. Numerical modeling using modified HYDRUS-1D software was used to describe explosive and colloid movement through soils.  Facilitated transport accounted for up to 15% of RDX and 20% of TNT moved through the studies soils.  The extent of colloidal movement and contribution of facilitated transport to movement of the explosives was greater under low-electrolyte conditions.  This study confirmed that facilitated transport contributes to the overall movement of both TNT and RDX in soils with adsorption to dissolved organic matter being the primary route.