Luis Prochnow1, Dean Fairchild2, Ron Olson2, Marcio Lambais1, and Joao Pereira1. (1) Padua Dias 11, University of Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, ESALQ/Depto de Ciência do Solo, Piracicaba, 13418900, BRAZIL, (2) Mosaic Company, Atria Corporate Center, 3033 Campus Dr. Suite E490, Plymouth, MN 55441
Elemental sulfur (S0) is an important source of S to produce fertilizers containing high concentrations of N, P and S. This form of reduced S can only become available to plants once oxidized by soil microorganisms to sulfate (SO4-2). Four Brazilian soils varying in clay content, responsive to S and limed to pH 5.0 (1:2.5 soil/water), were used in a greenhouse experiment to study the effectiveness of different S sources in supplying SO4-2 to corn crops along the time. The experiment utilized a control for each soil, three sources of granular (2 to 4 mm) S (ammonium sulfate - AS, S0 and micro essential 15 - MES15), one rate of sulfur (25 mg Kg-1) for three soils, and three rates of sulfur (12.5, 25 and 50 mg Kg-1) for one soil. The MES15 is a sulfur source containing 15% of S (7.5% as S-SO4-2 and 7.5% as S-S0). The above ground plant tissue was harvested in five consecutive crops of about 45 days each, dried at 40oC and weighted for dry-matter yield. Sub samples were analyzed for total P and S. The effectiveness of the S0 source was very low at the first crop but tended to increase with time, suggesting the oxidation of S0. The MES15 showed to be a good source of S to plants, due to the likely uptake of readily available S-SO4-2 and oxidized S-S0 in initial and final crops, respectively. Our results suggest that whereas the use of the S0 source may be a problem due to low initial oxidation, MES15 can present high effectiveness with time, due to a more adequate release of S to plants. The oxidation varied with soil type and a preliminary test maybe necessary to predict S0 oxidation potential.