In 1987, a long-term cropping systems study was initiated at the NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center. The study investigates individual and combined effects of crop rotation, fertility treatments, and tillage systems on crop establishment, biomass production, grain yield, grain quality, and numerous soil parameters. Data was analyzed using SAS GLM procedures with significant differences expressed at the P<0.05 level. and Analysis to assess the effect of previous crop and rotation on wheat performance during Cycle 1 (1987-1990) indicated significantly higher wheat biomass, grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight when wheat was preceded by fallow (Rotation 1) versus either soybean (Rotation 2) or barley (Rotation 3). In Cycle 2 (1991-1994) and Cycle 3 (1995-1998) wheat preceded by fallow (Rotation 1) again resulted in higher biomass, grain yield, and test weight compared to preceding crops of soybean (Rotation 2, Cycle 2), field pea (Rotation 2, Cycle 3), or millet (Rotation 3). During the years of Cycle 4 (1999-2002) an above average amount of rainfall was received. In Cycle 4 wheat preceded by field pea (Rotation 2) resulted in significantly higher biomass, grain yield, and test weight compared to cropping after fallow (Rotation 1) or a preceding crop of canola (Rotation 3). Wheat performance during the most recent timeline of this experiment Cycle 5 (2003-2006), indicates significantly higher grain yield and seed protein from wheat after field pea (Rotation 2) as compared to preceding crops of soybean (Rotation 1) or either of two phases of Rotation 3 when wheat was preceded by both canola and HRSW. In the earlier years of this experiment, fallow was still considered a viable cropping sequence and this data reflects positive wheat performance. The past two crop cycles (1999-2006) show that when wheat follows legumes in rotation that improved wheat productivity and grain quality may be expected.