Data from yield monitors have shown that very large yield differences commonly exist within a field and that patterns of yield variability within a field differ from year to year. In this study, we hypothesized that durum wheat plant density, despite of tillering capacity, is highly variable within a field and that such variability in combination with soil water content variability is responsible for crop yield variation. The objective of this study was to monitor crop growth through field measurements and remote sensing associated with crop models to assess spatial variability of yield variability and water use efficiency in rainfed mediterannean environment. Plant stands and soil water content results highly variable throughout the field. Airborne remote sensing and handheld hyperspectral radiometer were able to detect crop growth variability. SALUS model was executed on previously identified management zones to account for long-term climatic effects on yield and water use efficiency.