David Kendra, USDA-ARS-MWA-NCAUR, NCAUR USDA-ARS, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604
Plant breeding played a major role in the advancement of human civilization. As more countries implement regulations to limit mold and mycotoxin contamination in their food and feed, breeders face increasing pressure to successfully identify, develop, and commercialize mycotoxin resistant germplasm. Even with the advent of new breeding strategies and methodologies, maize breeders traditionally discard moldy ears and use visually healthy seed for future breeding. To date, most breeding strategies to reduce fumonisin have focused on germplasm selection as well as development and validation of screening methods. The integration of genetic and molecular methods to elucidate gene-to-phenotype relationships has significantly improved germplasm breeding; unfortunately disease and mycotoxin screening methods have not advanced as rapidly due to inherent variation in the screening systems thereby impeding the development of commercially acceptable resistant germplasm. The impact of abiotic stresses is a major contributor to this variation due to their effect on both plant and pathogen growth and development. Recent plant breeding strategies to develop germplasm resistant to multiple stresses represent a unique opportunity to also characterize fungal and mycotoxin resistance. Historically, selection for abiotic stress resistance relied on performance evaluations averaged over multiple locations each with similar environments. Due to the stochastic nature of weather-associated stresses and the limited number of similar environments, plant breeders are relying on managed stress environments which allow stringent control of the environment, timing, and intensity of imposed stresses. This presentation will discuss the utility of managed stress environments to breed new varieties resistant to pre-harvest fumonisin contamination.