Preben Olsen, Dept. of Agroecology and Environment, University of Aarhus, Blichers Alle, P.O. Box 50, Tjele, Denmark, Jeanne Kjær, Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Ruth Grant, National Environmental Research Institute , University of Aarhus , Vejlesøvej 25, Dk-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
Groundwater pollution with pesticides is an important issue, in particular when, as in Denmark, nearly 100% of all potable water derives from groundwater. Groundwater pollution has long-term perspectives, which stress the need for improved monitoring, focused on leaching risks. In 1998 the Danish Parliament initiated a monitoring programme that should provide the authorities with information on any leaching risk associated with pesticides approved by the EU and Danish authorities. The specific objective is to analyze if pesticides, when applied according to the regulations, might leach to ground water in concentration above the EU threshold value of 0.1 µg/L in groundwater. In the PLAP risks are evaluated under actual field conditions, thereby adding to the scientific basis for issuing bans of approved pesticides. Five ordinary fields, with different soil and climate conditions, are included in the PLAP. Out of 29 pesticides applied, only 7 did not leach during the monitoring period of 1999-2005. The monitoring data indicate pronounced leaching of 8 applied pesticides/degradation products. Thus ethofumesate, bentazone, glyphosate and its degradation product AMPA, metamitron and its degradation product desamino-metamitron, as well as the degradation products of metribuzin, terbuthylazine, pirimicarb, and rimsulfuron leached from the root zone (1 m b.g.s.) in average concentrations exceeding the 0.1 µg/L. The monitoring data also indicate leaching of further 14 pesticides. Although the concentrations in several samples exceeded 0.1 µg/l, the average annual leaching concentration did not. This presentation will present the overall monitoring results deriving from the more than 72 pesticide application in order to understand the governing processes controlling the observed leaching pattern. Specific emphasise will be on the long term leaching pattern of metabolites as well at the leaching of strongly sorping compound through structured soils.