Tuesday, November 6, 2007
222-12

Ammonia Losses from Surface-Applied Poultry Liter and Swine Manure.

Leandra Jones1, Takela Wilson1, Paramasivam Sivapatham1, Ashok Alva2, Jayaraman Kuppuswamy3, and Luma Kelson1. (1) Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Savannah State University, Drew Griffith Hall, P.O. Box 20600, Savannah, GA 31404, (2) USDA-ARS, USDA-ARS Vegetable and Forage Crops Research, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350-9687, (3) Engineering Technology, Savannah State University, Hubert D 120, Savannah, GA 31404

Use of animal manures such as poultry litter and swine manures as soil amendments could be beneficial in improving soil fertility and supplying various nutrients to agricultural crops. Land application of these amendments could also result in N losses through NH3 volatilization. Understanding the magnitude of these losses under different conditions is important for proper nutrient management. Losses of ammonia gas from soils were monitored for about 21days in a Candler fine sand (sandy, hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments, pH=6.8) and in an Ogeechee loamy sand (siliceous, thermic, Typic Ochragult, pH=5.2) amended with either with poultry litter or swine manure at either 0, 2.2, 5.6, 11.2, or 22.4 Mg ha-1 and incubated in static (1 L Mason Jars) chambers at their respective field capacity moisture of 7 or 14%. The amount of NH3 emitted from variously treated soils was captured by placing 2.5 cm diameter acidified sponges inside the static chambers at various predetermined time intervals. Captured NH3 in sponge was extracted with 40 mL 2 M KCl and stored in scintillation vials. The concentration of NH4 was measured by flow injection analyzer. Volatilization losses were approximately 10 fold grater in the soils amended with swine manure as compared to that of the soils amended with poultry litter. Volatilization losses increased with increasing rates of both sources of manures. Total emission as well as diurnal variation of NH3 emissions as influenced by soil type, rate and sources of manures will be discussed in this paper.