Advanced inbred lines of barley from diverse breeding programs around the world were evaluated with molecular markers and quantitative traits. The study comprises advanced lines from nineteen breeding programs including programs in the United States (Washington State University, University of Minnesota, 2-row and 6-row programs of North Dakota State University, USDA-ARS-Aberdeen-Idaho, and 2-row, 6-row and international programs of Busch Agricultural Resources), Canada (University of Saskatchewan, and Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development), Europe (Saatzucht Josef Breun in Germany, Svalöf Weibull Ab in Sweden, The Abed Foundation in Denmark, and the Spring and Winter programs of Croatia), Australia (University of Adelaide, and Western Australia Department of Agriculture), and South America (INIA in Chile, and INIA in Uruguay). The 353 genotypes from all programs were screened with 53 polymorphic SSR markers, and evaluated in the field for 18 quantitative traits (crown rust disease, powdery mildew disease, spot blotch disease, days until anthesis, days until flowering, number of spikes, spike length, awn length, number of grains, test weight, weight of 100 grains, biomass weight, number of tillers, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, plant height, spike height, and flag leaf height). High levels of diversity among and within breeding programs were found. Some breeding programs were similar for the molecular markers: the Australian programs, European programs with Uruguay, and Canada programs with Chile. However, we could not find the same distinct groups at the morphological level for all the variables.