Tuesday, November 6, 2007 - 10:00 AM
141-3

Cool-Season Oil-Seed Crops for Texas.

Gaylon Morgan, Rm 349B Heep Center, Texas A&M University - Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, Soil & Crop Science Department, College Station, TX 77843-2474, James Heitholt, 17360 Coit Rd., Texas A&M University, Texas A&M University, Research & Extension Center, Dallas, TX 75252-6599, Russell Sutton, Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, and Allen Smith, NRCS, 1716 Briarcrest Dr, Bryan, TX 77802.

A renewed interest oil-seed crops for the bio-diesel industry has raised many questions about where it is feasible to grow oil-seed crops in Texas and across the U.S. Despite Texas having a large bio-diesel production capacity, about 14 percent of the total U.S. production capacity, relatively few acres of oil-seed crops are grown in the state. Due to the increased oil-seed prices and interest from farmers, multiple research trials were initiated to identify the productivity of several cool-season oil-seed crops in Texas. The primary objective of this trial was to identify several adapted and high yielding varieties of canola or rape. An additional study was initiated to identify the optimum planting date for canola in the Blacklands of Texas. All trials had at least 3 replicates and were planted small plot grain drills at a seeding rate of 6-8 lbs/acre, depending on the location. Fertilizer rates varied by location but adequate nitrogen rates were applied to optimize yields. Plots will be harvested by hand or with a small plot combine. Canola yields ranged from 414 to 1470 lbs/a across two locations. Several experimental lines from the University of Arkansas yielded higher than commercially available varieties developed in the Great Plains. In the planting date trial, the September and October planting date mean yields were 835 and 711 lbs/a, respectively; however, the planting date was not significant (P=0.41). The November planting date resulted in a crop failure due to cold injury. With the appropriate planting date, modified fertility program, and equipment modifications, the authors feel that substantially higher yields are possible. The percent oil will be quantified and reported at the presentation.