Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for corn in
Connecticut and most other states have been made since the 1970s using an algorithm that includes yield goal and N credits for manure applications and previous crop. This simple algorithm was a major advancement when first developed, but because the soil usually supplies more of the N for corn growth than fertilizer or manure applications, we need a new method for making N recommendations. A new method should be based on a feedback loop because of the complexity of N cycling in soils. We are working with farmers who have Nutrient Management Plans to develop a feedback loop based on the results of the cornstalk nitrate test (CSNT), which provides an estimate of N availability during the growing season, and field history. Nitrogen recommendations are made based on our current guidelines, and the recommendations are adjusted each year based on the CSNT results and field history. For example: 1) if the recommendation was 180 kg N ha
-1 from all sources of N and the CSNT value was between 6 and 12 g N kg
-1 where > 2.0 g N kg
-1 defines excess, the recommendation would be to reduce N by 50% to 90 kg N ha
-1 for the next corn crop; 2) if application of 90 kg N ha
-1 for the next corn crop resulted in reducing the CSNT value to between 2 and 6 g N kg
-1, the recommendation would be to reduce N by 25% to 70 kg N ha
-1. This method of developing N recommendations provides farmers with three categories of fields: fields that are likely N deficient, fields at or near optimum, and fields with excess N. Field histories with high probabilities of being in these categories are being defined, which will help farmers to better manage N.