Successful crop production on poorly drained soils depends on subsurface drainage, which, is a common agricultural practice in large areas of highly productive, but poorly drained soils in Ohio (3 M ha), USA (40 M ha), and the world (146 M ha). In addition to direct effects of anaerobiosis, poorly drained soils may also affect plant growth and yield through deterioration of soil structure. As there is strong relationship between mechanical and chemical properties on crop growth, understanding of how properties are impacted by interactive effects of subsurface drainage and tillage is crucial to sustainable management of these soils. Thus, soil samples from 3 depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm) were obtained from a 15-year long drainage (drained and un-drained) and tillage (with and without chiseling) experiment to assess tensile strength, soil moisture retention (0 to -333 kPa), friability, aggregate stability, mean weight diameter, and geometric mean diameter of aggregates, soil organic matter content, and bulk density. Measurements were also made for carbon, and nitrogen concentrations in 4.75, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, <0.25 mm aggregates. These soil quality parameters are related to carbon sequestration rate and crop yield on a fine, mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf silt loam soil in central Ohio.