Tuesday, November 6, 2007
194-22
Swine Manure and Sewage Sludge Treated by the N-Viro Process and Their Behavior after Surface Application on an Oxisol Managed under No-Till in Paraná, Brasil.
Luiz Lucchesi, BRAZIL,Univ. of Parana, UFPR - Dep. Solos e Eng. Agricola, Rua Brasilino Moura 359 - Ahu, Curitiba Pr, 80540-340, BRAZIL, Jetro T. Salvador, UFPR/ SETI PR, R. Prof. Pedro V. Parigot de Souza, 1900 Bl. 6 - ap. 201, Curitiba PR, 80000, Brazil, Rubens C. Secco, Faculdades Guarapuava, Rua Schiller, 1170 Ap 13 B, Curitiba PR, 80000, Brazil, Edison Schimidt Filho, Unibrasil/UFPR, Curitiba PR, 80000, Brazil, Antonio C. B. M. Lacerda, Alto Iguaçu Ltda., Av. Guatupe, 4321-C, Bairro Guatupe, São José dos Pinhais PR, 83060-090, Brazil, and Terry Logan, N-Viro International, Logan Environmental Inc., 91 Petigru Drive, Beaufort, SC 29902.
The Brazilian regulation (Conama 375/380/2006) for sewage sludge recycling in agricultural systems was recently approved. In spite of its inspiration on the USEPA CFR 40 Part 503, concerning its limits for metals and pathogens, this regulation exacerbates the requirements for "EQ type" of sludges making them as strict as those established for lower quality ones. On the other hand, raw animal wastes have been land applied with much lower regulated standards. This is probably consequence of the public perception. Authorities and the general public perceive land application of manure as safer than Class A/EQ sewage sludge. In this research, in order to demonstrate benefits of both practices, done under agronomic criteria, two field experiments were conducted respectively with an EQ-Class A sewage sludge and with swine manure. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the advantages and constrains of surface application of those residues under a no-till crop rotation system for grain production (wheat/corn/oats/soybean) for watersheds cleaning programs in Paraná, Brazil. The availability of "heavy metals", the potential for non-point source pollution by P, grain yields, the sub-soil enrichment with Ca, and the substitution for soil amendments such as P fertilizer, gypsum and limestone were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in a Red Oxisol of the Fazenda Mutuca, located in Arapoti PR. For the sewage sludge experiment 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 Mg ha-1 of N-Viro Soil (sewage sludge treated by the N-Viro Process) were surface applied. In the other experiment different sources of swine manure were used in order to achieve 57 kg P ha-1: crude bottom sludge and supernatant liquid from a lagoon; deep bedding; and manure treated with the N-Viro Process. The results show that N-Viro Process can help programs of watershed cleaning in which those residues have been accumulated.