Pedro Andrade-Sanchez, Francis J. Pierce, and Todd V. Elliot. Center for Precision Agricultural Systems, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350-8694
While low cost wireless sensor networks (WSN) are emerging on the farm, they are also low-power and usually require line-of-sight to optimize performance. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of low-power (10 mW) radios when deployed under a range of agricultural settings. A radio, developed using the Chipcon CC1100 900 MHz radio transceiver chip, was interfaced with a data logger developed specifically to facilitate the data collection aspects of this study. Data transmission rate was set to 1 record per minute and these data were logged using a Linux-based software developed for this particular application. Radios were deployed in various spatial designs including open fields without obstructions, open fields with continuous move irrigation systems, in a V-trellis apple orchard, and in a vineyard. Performance measures including the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), the Link Quality Indicator (LQI), and data loss rate. In open field situations, performance declined with distance but not as much and in different patterns than expected. Overhead irrigation systems increased multi-path signal loss with effects more pronounced at greater distances while orchards greatly reduced radio performance, degrading further with increasing vegetation. Low power radios used in agricultural sensor networks will perform very differently depending on agricultural crop and setting