The degradation of water resources is becoming a critical issue in north Alabama. The impacts of environmental pollution on water quality are apparent in the elevated concentrations of heavy metals reported in surface water. Reducing heavy metal loads implies identification of current impairments and assessment of the pathways and sources responsible for the impairment. Integrated use of in-stream water quality data serves as a great tool for assessing surface water quality and evaluating the potential effects of environmental changes on water quality. In this study, concentrations and distribution patterns of heavy metals were investigated in surface water of the Huntsville Spring Branch Watershed, in Madison County, Alabama. Discrete water samples were collected midstream, from five locations within the watershed, from December 2006 to December 2006. The elemental concentrations of Fe, Al, Mn, As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Se, Ni and Zn were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Observed concentrations showed obvious seasonal and spatial distribution patterns, as well as concentrations exceeding permissible EPA maximum containment levels (MCLs). Al and Fe concentrations were predominant and largely impacted by absorption onto suspended particulates. Mean heavy metal concentrations were also statistically different by season and watershed location. This study supports a conscious effort to identify water quality impairments in Alabama's rivers and streams.