The impacts of continuous cultivation of corn and long-term application of compost and farmyard manure on soil quality and productivity were investigated in Alfisol of Ohio, USA. It was found that eight years of continuous cultivation of corn with manure application had increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) pool, mineral-N, electrical conductivity, corn yield; and decreased bulk density. The SOC pools for the 30-cm soil depth in manure applied corn (119 Mg ha^-1) increased by 29, 16, and 13% than in weedy fallow, legume fallow and corn with compost, respectively. Similarly, total N (10.9 Mg ha^-1) pool in corn with manure application increased by 36, 23, and 16% than in weedy fallow, legume fallow and corn with compost application, respectively.  The increase in SOC and N pools in manure applied corn was observed throughout the 30-cm soil profile. Similarly, soil mineral-N (NO₃- and NH₄-N) also increased throughout the 0-30 cm soil profile with manure application. However, NO₃-N was the major form of N and was higher in manure applied corn (5.87 mg/L) than in the fallow (2.71 mg/L) and compost applied corn (1.72 mg/L). Although soil quality improved by manure application in corn, CO₂ emission was higher by 121 and 45% than that of fallow and compost applied corn, respectively.