Saturday, 15 July 2006
153-13

Performance of HYDRUS-1D to Simulate Water and Salt Movement in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crop in Relation to Different Salinity Irrigations.

Vinod Phogat, A.K. Yadav, and Sanjay Kumar. CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Dept of Soil Science, Hisar, India

A column experiment was conducted to study the effect of different salinity water i.e. ECiw of 0.4, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dSm-1 irrigation on the performance of rice in two soils. The CROPWAT model was used to estimate potential evapotranspiration of crop and HYDRUS-ID was used to simulate salt and water balance under cropped conditions. Rice ET demand is quite high i.e. 1079.14 mm in 0.4 dSm-1 ECiw treatment which is reduced by 10.6, 18.1, 24.1, 33.6 and 39.7% in 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dSm-1 treatments, respectively. The measured ET requirements of rice in sandy loam soil ranged from 647.38 to 1075.18 mm while the corresponding values in sandy clay loam soil ranged from 652.9 to 1083.1 mm in different ECiw treatment. The ET losses in rice decreased with the increase in the ECiw of the irrigation water in both soils. The maximum daily ET (20 mm) of rice crop was recorded during the 9th week of transplanting i.e. at flowering stage. The high percolation losses to the extent of 83.1-87.2% in sandy loam and 72.8-78% in sandy clay loam soil resulted in higher water requirement. The measured and HYDRUS-ID predicted values of bottom flux, bottom concentration and ET losses showed RMSE values <1 indicating a close matching. The model predicted seasonal root water uptake of rice ranged from 64.6 to 650.8 mm. The daily root zone concentration in rice remained more or less equal to their respective EC of the irrigation water throughout the growing season. Increasing salinity of the irrigation water decreased the grain and dry matter water productivity of rice and wheat crops. The maximum rice grain water productivity (WP) of 4.21 kg m-3 transpired water (Tp) was recorded in 0.4 dSm-1 ECiw treatment in sandy loam soil. The WP per unit ETa ranged from 0.2 to 2.56 kg m-3. The WP of total dry matter production also showed similar trend, as observed in grain. The threshold value of ECiw for 50% yield reduction (EC50) was 1.89.

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