Monday, 20 June 2005 - 1:15 PM
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This presentation is part of 6: Soils--SOC, Production, and Environmental

*Soil Organic Matter Effects on Fumigant Fate and Movement in Soils.

Catherine Simpson and Shad Nelson. 315 E Warren, 315 E Warren, Kingsville, TX 78363

Methyl bromide (MeBr) is a vital soil fumigant used in pre-plant horticulture production, but it has been implicated as an ozone depletion source. This research explores the fate of potential MeBr alternatives, metam sodium (Vapam) and metam potassium (K-pam), under varying soil conditions in controlled bench-scale soil column studies. The objective of this research was to determine the effects that varying soil types, soil bulk density and organic matter levels have on methyl-isothiocyanate (MITC) volatilization loss. Volatilization of MITC, the break-down product of Vapam and K-pam, was monitored in columns that were prepared to simulate two possible field conditions; one with organic matter evenly dispersed throughout the soil depth (deep till), and the other with organic matter (OM) in the upper 15-cm plow layer depth of soil (minimum till). The volatilization loss of MITC was also monitored from sandy clay loam soil packed at varying bulk density levels containing 4.3, 5.3, and 7.3% organic matter. Results determined that both soil bulk density and placement of OM in the soil profile had a great effect on MITC volatilization loss. These results may assist growers to determine whether additional organic matter amendments and conservation tillage practices will minimize MITC release into the atmosphere.

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