Soybean production throughout the world has been revolutionized with the introduction of Roundup Ready soybeans. This trend has become increasingly evident in Arkansas as well. Since its inception in 1995, Arkansas treated 6% of the soybean acres with glyphosate. In 2003, it was estimated that 92% of the soybean acres in Arkansas was treated with glyphosate. This rapid adoption has led to the question, “Can we still produce conventional soybeans in Arkansas?” When comparing the Roundup Ready and conventional production system used in the Arkansas Soybean Research Verification Program from 1997 to 2002, conventional soybean varieties have averaged 47 bushels per acre, while Roundup Ready varieties were lower and averaged 42 bushels per acre. One benefit to the Roundup Ready system is the reduced weed control costs. From 1997 to 2002, Roundup Ready production systems averaged $18.37 per acre in weed control costs, while conventional programs were much higher and averaged $30.96 per acre. However, when comparing these systems it is also important to consider seed costs. With the added technology fees, Roundup Ready soybean seed prices averaged $28.85 per acre and conventional seed costs averaged $15.56 from 1997 to 2002. Producers that chose to produce conventional soybeans, averaged 5 bushels more an acre and herbicide plus seed costs were an average $0.70 lower than Roundup Ready soybean production system.