Tuesday, November 6, 2007 - 2:05 PM
206-3
Soil and Water Conservation Advances in the Northern Great Plains.
Advances in soil and water conservation techniques and practices in the northern Great Plains over the last century have altered present day crop production agriculture. Homesteaders began settling the land in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s and brought with them implements they had used in higher precipitation environments. During these early years, the use of crop-fallow systems helped to stabilize crop yields, control weeds, store soil water, and make nutrients available for succeeding crops. Dust mulching was a recommended soil water conservation technique for fallow. This technique used intensive inversion type tillage implements to reduce surface soil aggregates to dust which created a vapor barrier that reduced soil water evaporation. Dust mulching left the soil prone to severe soil erosion and soil water storage during fallow seldom exceeded 20%. Stubble-mulch tillage, reduced tillage, and no-tillage fallow enhanced residues on the soil surface to control soil erosion and improve soil water storage. Soil water storage during fallow using reduced tillage and no-tillage approached 40%, but 60% was still being lost to evaporation. Annual cropping using opportunity cropping and dynamic cropping systems techniques reduced soil water loss to evaporation. Future research to improve water use and conservation may need to focus on noncrop niches in annual cropping systems to improve agricultural sustainability.
Recorded presentation