Tuesday, November 6, 2007 - 1:30 PM
230-10

Comparison of Reclaimed Water Application Methods on Receiving Soil Composition.

Peter Fox, Arizona State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Center for Sustainable Water Supply, PO Box 5306, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306

Insert abstract here.

The effect of different reclaimed water application methods was evaluated for conventional turf irrigation and for an unconventional groundwater recharge system.  The unconventional groundwater recharge system was originally designed as an evaporation pond.  However, water balances revealed that the majority of the water applied was infiltrating into the ground.  Both sites had been receiving reclaimed water for over 30 years.  Soil samples were obtained from both sites to determine the long-term impacts of reclaimed water application on the soils.  In addition, native background soils where reclaimed water was not applied were also obtained.  Samples were obtained at the soil surface and at a depth of one foot.  Sequential extraction of the soil samples was done to evaluate changes in the soil surface composition and to evaluate any impacts these changes might have on water quality transformations.  Sequential extraction was used to determine the carbonate mineral composition, the fraction of organic carbon and the iron and manganese oxides in the soil surface layers.  The extracts were also analyzed for cationic and anionic compositions to determine the relative composition of the extracted surface layers.  In general the reclaimed water applications for irrigation did not significantly alter the soil surface composition in comparison with what would be expected for irrigation with other water sources.  More significant impacts on the soil surface were observed for the unconventional groundwater recharge system.  Since the system was continuously flooded, reducing conditions developed in the soils and depletion of many surface layers was observed including the depletion of iron and manganese oxides.  These oxides were probably reduced to their soluble forms.  Since adsorption and subsequent biodegradation of organic compounds is often related to iron and manganese oxide coatings, the depletion of these coatings might limit the improvements in water quality during groundwater recharge at the study site.  In contrast, iron and manganese oxide coating layers increased at the irrigation site.  The results demonstrated that irrigation with reclaimed water did not have any significant deleterious effects on the receiving soils.