Monday, November 5, 2007
65-10

Long-term effects of Four Cropping Systems on Corn Grain Yields.

Kulbhushan Grover1, H.D. Karsten2, Gregory Roth2, and Marvin Risius2. (1) Penn State Univ., 116 ASI Bldg., University Park, PA 16802, (2) Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

Long-term studies are needed to identify cropping systems that provide high and stable crop yields without degrading soil properties. We hypothesized that diverse cropping systems and those including perennial forages would produce higher and more stable corn grain yields as compared to corn grown in monoculture or annual systems. Further, yields will increase over time within the diverse & perennial systems, and decrease over time in the annual systems, and yield advantages in the diverse & perennial systems will be higher during low-yielding years than high-yielding years. We studied a 36-year old cropping system experiment established at the Pennsylvania State University R.E. Larson Agricultural Research Center, Rock Springs, PA. The experimental design was RCBD with three fertility regimes: inorganic fertilizers to meet nutrient requirements of crops (LF1), manure application based on nitrogen requirements of non-legume crops (LF2), and manure application based on crop phosphorous requirements (LF3). Within each of the fertility regimes, there were four cropping systems: annual systems of continuous corn (C-C), & corn-soybean (C-S); a perennial system of four years of corn-four years of alfalfa (4C-4A), & a diverse system of corn-oats-wheat-two years of redclover + timothy hay (C-O-W-2RT). To compare corn grain yield stability we will report a comparison of the coefficients of variation, standard deviation and regression coefficients among the four cropping systems. To compare the yield trends over time among the four cropping systems, we will report a comparison of the slope of corn yield over time. To compare the cropping systems in low and high-yielding years, we will report a comparison of the yield differences in the low, medium & high yielding years of the study.