Wednesday, November 7, 2007
305-11

Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Soil Moisture Redistribution, Evaporation, and Transpiration.

Dale Devitt, University of Nevada - Las Vegas Library, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, Brian Bird, Water Resources Management, University of Nevada - Las Vegas, School of Life Sciences, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, and Michael Young, Desert Research Institute, Desert Research Institute, 755 E. Flamingo Rd., Las Vegas, NV 89119.

At a native stand of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) in North Las Vegas, a rainfall simulation study was conducted over a 12 month period in 2006. Simulated rainfall occurred during the (winter, spring, summer, and fall periods). Rainfall simulation systems were positioned on each of twelve plots containing a single creosote bush. Simulated rainfall events occurred at night with multiple short pulses designed to maximize infiltration while minimizing ponding. Yearly simulated rainfalls were set at 0, 15, 30 and 60 cm (replicated three times). Daily climatic demand was assessed using measured potential evapotranspiration (ETo) and soil and plant canopy surface temperature differentials were assessed using an infrared thermometer (IRT). Soil evaporation measurements were obtained using a custom hemispherical chamber with low flow fans (Stannard 1988). Transpiration measurements of individual plants were estimated using stem flow gauges. Soil surface volumetric water content was assessed using a hand held theta probe. Soil water content with depth was calculated utilizing time domain reflectometry (TDR). Hourly TDR waveforms from a TDR network was analyzed via custom C++ algorithms based on the methods of Topp, et al. (1980) and Herkelrath et al. (1991). Results will be reported on the variation in soil moisture within the soil profile to the timing and magnitude of precipitation events. Based on the water holding capacity of soil, plant water uptake and environmental demand, recurrence interval for deep infiltration can be predicted and used for long-term performance assessment studies of soil covers.