Longleaf pine savannas are regulated by fire that is either natural or prescribed by management. These fires serve to control hardwood development and dominance and maintain ground cover and food resources for animals. Suppression of fire can lead to large changes in structure and function of savannas. The indirect effects of fire can be seen over longer periods of time than that of direct effects. The absence of fire reinforces and stabilizes a tree-dominated system by allowing for substantial recruitment of woody plants which increases litter and surface soil moisture, lowers temperatures and increases humidity. We designed a study to examine the extent that fire, N, and water influence vegetative composition, productivity, and nutrient cycling in a longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem. Preliminary data point to landscape controls on soil moisture as a major regulator of productivity, but understanding how soil water availability regulates temporal, spatial, and species-specific differences in water and nutrient relations is needed to more fully understand how those controls are manifested throughout the landscape. In particular, we propose that predicting the consequences of management on productivity requires a more general understanding of how interactions among resources and disturbances regulate productivity differentially above- and belowground.