This laboratory experiment involved the application of cow urine to repacked soil cores. The experimental design was a 2 x 3 factorial, with 2 levels of soil moisture and 3 levels of urinary salt content. The cores were maintained at either high or low soil moisture contents, and the urine treatments were no urine, low salt urine or high salt urine. Over 44 days soil cores were destructively sampled, and a number of chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out. Dehydrogenase enzyme activity and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were the microbiological variables measured. These results were then compared with the chemical measurements to indicate interactions between soil chemical changes and soil microbial changes after urine application.  Distinct differences between treatments for both urine and soil moisture variables were observed for chemical parameters including pH, inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Dehydrogenase activity and PLFA analyses also showed microbiological changes due to the moisture and urine treatments.