Tuesday, November 6, 2007
183-12

Hydraulic Property Functions for a Dune Sand and a Japanese Volcanic Ash Soil.

Masaru Sakai and Nobuo Toride. JAPAN,Mie Univ., Fac. of Bioresources Mie Univ., 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu Mie Pref., 514-8507, JAPAN

Although van Genuchten-Mualem model (VG model) is widely used to describe the hydraulic properties, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is generally underestimated for the low pressure head range near the residual water contents. Fayer (1995) corrected the residual water content to be zero at 107 Cm H2O to take into account of the adsorbed water. Durner (1994) proposed the dual porosity model to describe an aggregated soil. Although the closed-form unsaturated hydraulic conductivities were derived based on the Mualem’s formulation for Fayer and Durner models, these models have not yet well validated especially in terms of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity.

The evaporation experiments were carried out to estimate the hydraulic properties. Fayer model was evaluated for the Tottori dune sand. While Durner model was used for the Japanese volcanic ash soil, Andisol with distinct aggregate structure. Soil hydraulic parameters were inversely determined based on the observed pressure heads and the final average volumetric water content. The estimated residual water contents of VG model were 0.064 for the sand and 0.46 for the Andisol, resulting in the underestimation of the unsaturated conductivity for lower water contents. Hence, the calculated pressure heads in the middle of the soil based on VG model were smaller than observed values for both soils. Fayer and Durner models agreed well with the observed pressure heads for each soil. Fayer model describes the film flow for lower water contents as well as the capillary flow for higher water contents in the sand. On the other hand, Durner model describes well two distinct retention and flow properties for inter-aggregate and intra-aggregate pores. As a result, the gradient of log-scale K in terms of log-scale h, d(logK)/d(logh), became smaller at lower pressure head (h < -100 cm) for both models.