Friday, 14 July 2006 - 11:25 AM
98-4

Kappametrical Research of Urban Soils of Moscow.

Maria A. Gladysheva, Alexander Ivanov, and Marina Stroganova. Moscow State Lomonosov University/Soil Science Department, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119992, Russia

For the first time kappamethrical methods with measuring soil susceptibility (MS – z) were applied for city Moscow for studying of soil cover ecological conditions with various technogenic loading. This method has been used in soil science for urban soils During last years (Magiera T., et al., 2002: Kapička A., Petrovsky E. et al., 2002: Caggiano R, D'Emilio M., 2003: H. Lecoanet, F.Leveque et al., 2003). Spherical form of magnetic particles testifies to their high temperature origin and anthropogenous genesis (Ivanov et al., 1997). Following methods were applied: routing, method of keys and transect method, they have there own specificity. All obtained data (about 10 000 meanings) were statistically processed. The routing method has allowed to allocate areas of the raised values of a magnetic susceptibility for territories of Moscow with average values more than 1•10-3 SI. They correspond to territories of metal-melting manufacture, heavy transport mechanical engineering, various thermal power stations and large railway junctions. Average values of a magnetic susceptibility of territories of parks, forest parks, zones of recreations and areas of a sleeping housing estate are close to background values of a magnetic susceptibility for the given zone. The influence of soil formation factors on magnetic properties in rather small territories of city was studied by method of keys. Investigation of key plots showed that significant difference of MS meanings are caused by position in a microrelief, character of grassy and wood covers (lowered values MS of sites under trees and bushes in comparison with sites covered by a grassy cover, lawns, beds or sites without vegetation), horizontal and vertical moving. The method of transects allows to reveal character and a degree of impurity on different removal from a source. Distributions about highways are characterized by a maximum on distance of 5-10 meters concerning a roadbed with the subsequent reduction of values in 3-5 times. Statistical handling of the received data z shows, that it is described by lognormal function of distribution. So, the behavior of stronglymagnetic mineral substance in investigated soils is similar to behaviour of the diffused elements while iron - the basic element responsible for their magnetic properties, concerns to geochemically widespread. We consider that it is necessary to consider not only medium values zmed, but also informative maximal and minimal values zmax and zmin. Presence of abnormal high values zmax and low values zmed testifies to presence of local (dot) technogenic artefacts. Sites with abnormal high values of zmax and high values zmed are most intensively influenced by polluting factors. Moderate values of zmed with a small dispersion testifies to presence of mainly aerosol pollution, and the size of a dispersion or distinction between values zmax and zmin allows to judge a degree of heterogeneity. Thus, research shows, that the increase of meanings of MS of surface of urban soils is the sign of technogenic influence and that magnetic measurements can also be used as an express method of allocation of the polluted areas of urban soils.


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