Diversified organic and no-till cropping systems conducted within the same experiment may provide mutual learning opportunities. Our goal was to reduce tillage in the organic system and reduce herbicide inputs in the no-till systems. Our objectives were to: 1) Compare diversified no-till and organic cropping systems for crop productivity/quality/resource use efficiency, and 2) compare low and high input strategies for the same parameters. The systems context is transition from intensive tillage to no-till and organic systems during a consistent 5-yr drought pattern where crop-year precipitation was consistently 75 mm less than the 1971-2000 average of 420 mm at Bozeman, MT. During 2000-03, a fully phased 4-rep RCB design was used to compare diversified (50% cereal, 50% broadleaf) 4-yr crop rotations (one organic and three no-till) with continuous wheat. After 2003 the design was changed to dual phase, with cereals present in even years and broadleafs present in odd years to mitigate insect-related pest epidemics in all crops. Unexpectedly, winter wheat in the organic system has yielded equal to aggressively fertilized winter wheat in the no-till systems, resulting in economic returns similar or greater than most no-till systems. Grain test weight was consistently high for organic winter wheat, while grain protein appears to be declining over years. Grain test weight was unacceptably low in 2 of 4 yr in the no-till systems. Lentil in the organic system yielded favorably from 0.7 to 1.6 t/ha/yr. Also unexpectedly, after 4 yr, soil mineralizable N was greatest in the tilled organic system. Canada thistle is accumulating steadily in the organic system, perhaps due to insufficient soil water use. With the added dimension of low vs high input strategies, we have begun monitoring planted and incident weed populations. Other unexpected dynamics within no-till systems will be presented during an on-site field tour.