Soil management is the cornerstone of organic production. Organic soil fertility management draws heavily from an ecological framework and seeks to manage plants, soil organic matter and soil organisms to maintain internal cycling capacity with the intention of managing the full range of soil nutrient reservoirs. Two fundamental assumptions guiding organic management practices are 1) that soil health has cascading effects on plant and human health and 2) that nutrient management impacts ecosystem health at all scales, including the internal soil ecosystem within the farm, the plant, animals and humans that rely on soil processes and the larger watershed and biosphere systems that surround the farm.  Given this foundation, what is the appropriate strategy for organic nutrient management that will provide sufficient nutrients to crops while achieving the broader goals of organic agriculture? Findings from research conducted on organic farms will be presented and a conceptual framework to guide organic soil management practices will be discussed.