Robert Berkevich and Kenneth A. Albrecht. University of Wisconsin-Madison, W10409 E. Salem Road, Beaver Dam, WI 53916
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most significant input costs in conventional corn (Zea mays L.) production, with N fertilizer prices closely tied to unstable energy costs. An experiment was conducted over 2 years and at two Wisconsin locations to determine if kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) living mulch would meet some or all of the N fertilizer requirement of corn. Glyphosate resistant corn was no-till planted directly over a band-killed strip of kura clover, and glyphosate was used to suppress inter-row clover. Nitrogen treatments of 0, 22, 45, 67, and 90 kg N/ha were applied as side-dress and compared to a control treatment of killed kura clover with N rate of 90 kg/ha. Whole plant corn yield, harvested at 50% kernel milkline, as for silage, ranged from 17.3 to 19.4 Mg/ha in living mulch treatments with the only significant difference (P < 0.05) existing between the 0 and 90 kg N/ha fertilizer rates, however the yield was 15.0% greater in the control plots than in living mulch. Corn grain yield ranged from 10.2 to 11.7 Mg/ha in living mulch with significant differences (P < 0.05) between 0 kg N/ha and all other N fertilizer rates, but no differences among the remaining fertilizer rates. Corn grain yield was 11.4% greater in the control treatment than in living mulch treatments. Reduced silage and grain yields in living mulch compared to the control treatment are likely associated with an unusually cool spring and cooler soil temperature under the mulch. Lack of yield response to N fertilizer rates above 22 kg N/ha is evidence that kura clover living mulch satisfies nearly the entire N requirement of corn grown for silage or grain.