Sally A. Flis, William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 90, Chazy, NY 12921, Everett D. Thomas, W.H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 90, Chazy, NY 12921, and Sidney C. Bosworth, University of Vermont Department of Plant and Soil Science, Burlington, VT 05405.
The use of copper sulfate (CuSO4) in dairy footbaths as a preventative maintenance for foot health is a common practice. The waste material from footbaths often ends up in manure storages and applied to fields. Annual application rates of Cu in dairy manure have been as high as 31.7 kg/ha. Copper applied to fields is not mobile in the soil and is bound as Cu2+ to clay minerals or organic matter (OM). The objective of this experiment was to determine if a single soil test or a combination of soil tests should be used to determine Cu availability and loading from the application of excess Cu in dairy manure. In this experiment three soil tests were conducted on silt loam and sandy loam soils with differing levels of Cu from dairy manure applied to either grass or corn grown in them. The three methods for the determination of mineral concentration were 1) extraction with CaCl2 at 90°C, 2) extraction with ammonium acetate (pH 4.8, 1.25 mol L-1 acetate), and 3) EPA 3051 digestion with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3). Extraction 1 is recommended in the literature for the determination of available minerals in soils that have received amendments high in trace minerals. Extraction 2, also known as Modified Morgan's Extract, is used in Vermont, Maine and Massachusetts in routine soil testing for the determination of available minerals. Extraction 3 is an acid digestion of the sample to determine total mineral concentration. Extractions 1 and 2 were compared for amount of available Cu extracted and each was evaluated along with total Cu concentration (Extraction 3) to determine ability of extraction methods to predict soil copper levels based on the OM, pH, soil type, crop grown, and initial Cu application rate.