Tuesday, November 6, 2007
231-18

Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils in an Ecologically Enhanced Urban Stormwater Retention Basin.

Victoria Gardner1, Mary Collins2, Mark Clark2, L. Rex Ellis2, and Mark Lander3. (1) PO Box 110290, University of Florida, University of Florida, Soil & Water Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611, (2) 2169 McCarty Hall A, PO Box 110290, University of Florida, University of Florida, Soil & Water Sciences Department, Gainesville, FL 32611-0290, (3) Columbia County Department of Health, Lake City, FL 32055

Pressure for more efficient urban stormwater runoff management is growing as urban centers continue to expand. Stormwater runoff often contains high concentrations of pollutants, including heavy metals. Heavy metals do not degrade in the environment and can accumulate to high levels in retention basins, which are designed to retain runoff and provide water treatment. This study was an evaluation of the heavy metal concentrations of soils inside a constructed wetland retention basin at the Natural Area Teaching Laboratory on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida. Soil samples were taken to a maximum depth of 10 cm and analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn. Interpolations were made using GIS software to map the heavy metal distribution in the basin. Results indicated that the heavy metal concentrations in the basin varied: Cd 0.0-5.4 mg/kg, Cr 6.2-64.4 mg/kg, Cu 5.0-7118 mg/kg, Pb 6.0-132 mg/kg, Ni 17.5-160.9 mg/kg, and Zn 13.1-809 mg/kg. All sample sites in the basin exceeded Florida baseline soil concentration ranges and soil quality reference guidelines used for soil contamination assessments for at least one metal. Previous research to study heavy metal concentrations in the basin was completed by Mark Lander in 2000. Comparing the data, metal concentrations increased in the basin between the years 2000 and 2007, with the exception of Cr. Copper had the greatest increase. The highest metal concentrations were located at the surface in the accumulated organic matter, near certain inlet pipes, and in the forebay. The data suggest that the ecologically enhanced basin design is efficient at removing heavy metals from stormwater, but high levels of heavy metal accumulation in certain areas in the basin provide an unsuitable environment for aquatic organisms and human contact and should be targeted for removal in the future.