The Council of Soil Science Examiners (CSSE), in conjunction with the Soil Science Society of America, develops and administers national exams for the licensure and certification of professional soil scientists. Prior to the formation of the CSSE, SSSA Committee S579 on Soil Science Competencies in the mid-1990s developed the use of Performance Objectives from which exams are developed. The work of S579 and the CSSE has provided a framework for the successful testing of new and experienced soil scientists, providing a mechanism for professional responsibility, development and recognition. This paper provides a history and overview of the national exams and a discussion of the current exam status with regard to licensing and certification. Most importantly the paper outlines the challenges facing soil scientists today and the need to take a hard look a how the exams promote the profession and how they may also be used to encourage the study of soils in Universities by providing a tool for outcomes assessment for soil science and related programs.